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    Sales methodology

    The Challenger sales methodology

    The Challenger Sale is a B2B sales methodology in which the seller teaches the buyer something new about their business, tailors it to each stakeholder and takes control of the conversation, including price and next steps. It comes from Matthew Dixon and Brent Adamson's 2011 book, based on research at CEB.

    Quick answer

    What is the Challenger sales methodology? A selling approach from the 2011 book The Challenger Sale by Matthew Dixon and Brent Adamson of CEB, now part of Gartner. Their research sorted sales reps into five profiles and found the Challenger, who teaches, tailors and takes control, was the most common profile among high performers in complex sales.

    What the Challenger Sale is

    Most B2B selling methods start with questions about the buyer's needs. Challenger starts with an insight: something the buyer does not know about their own business, which reframes how they think about a problem and points towards what you sell. The seller then tailors that message to each person in the buying group and takes control of the conversation, which means being willing to discuss money, push back on assumptions and drive the next step.

    It is a selling approach rather than a qualification checklist. It tells you how to create a reason to change, not what you must know before forecasting. That is why it pairs well with a framework such as MEDDPICC: Challenger creates the urgency, MEDDPICC checks the deal is real.

    Where the Challenger Sale came from

    The Challenger Sale: Taking Control of the Customer Conversation by Matthew Dixon and Brent Adamson was published by Portfolio in 2011. Both worked at the Corporate Executive Board, known as CEB, which was acquired by Gartner in 2017.

    The book is based on a CEB study of thousands of sales reps across industries and countries, commonly reported as around 6,000. The research grouped reps into five profiles by behaviour and compared them with performance. The headline finding, as Gartner reports it, is that nearly 40% of star performers were Challengers, rising to 54% in complex sales, while Relationship Builders were the profile least likely to be a star performer.

    The five rep profiles in The Challenger Sale
    ProfileHow they sell
    Hard WorkerPuts in the effort, makes more calls, takes feedback and keeps going.
    ChallengerTeaches the buyer something new, is comfortable with tension and pushes the buyer's thinking.
    Relationship BuilderBuilds strong relationships and advocates for the buyer, but avoids tension.
    Lone WolfFollows their own instincts, often successful but hard to manage and replicate.
    Reactive Problem SolverResponds reliably to every issue and focuses on service after the sale.

    The authors also argued the Challenger approach can be taught, which is what made the book influential with sales leaders. A later CEB book, The Challenger Customer, turned to the buying side and the people inside an account who drive change.

    Commercial teaching: how a Challenger insight is built

    The book sets out a sequence for a teaching conversation. It starts with a warmer that shows you understand the buyer's world, moves to a reframe that connects their challenge to something they had not considered, backs it with evidence that makes the cost real, links it to the emotional impact on the buyer, describes a new way of working, and only then introduces your solution as the best way to deliver it.

    A good insight leads to your strengths without being a disguised pitch. If the reframe works equally well for every competitor, it teaches the buyer something but does not help you win. Use the insight outline template to build one.

    When to use Challenger, and when not to

    Use it when

    • Buyers are comfortable with the status quo and pain questions get polite non-answers.
    • You sell complex solutions where buyers can research features without you.
    • You have real insight from data, patterns across clients or a different point of view.
    • Deals involve several stakeholders who each need a tailored reason to support change.

    Do not use it when

    • You do not have a genuine insight. A recycled statistic and a confident tone is not one.
    • The buyer already knows exactly what they want and is comparing quotes.
    • Sellers read 'challenge' as 'argue'. Challenger is about teaching, not being difficult.
    • You need a qualification checklist. Use CHAMP on first calls and MEDDPICC for deals.

    Teach, tailor and take control, with questions and prompts

    Twelve prompts for each of the three Challenger behaviours. Teaching prompts are statements followed by a question, because Challenger leads with insight.

    Teach

    Bring the buyer a new perspective on their business that they had not considered, which leads back to what you do well. Teaching is what earns the right to the rest of the conversation.

    Listen for: Surprise, pushback and questions such as 'how do you know that?' Those mean the insight landed.

    Questions to ask (12)

    1. Most {{role}}s we talk to focus on {{obvious issue}}. What we see is that {{real driver}}. Does that match what you are seeing?
    2. What would you say if I told you {{insight}}?
    3. When we looked at {{pattern across clients}}, the surprise was {{finding}}. How do you measure that today?
    4. Many teams assume {{common belief}}. Have you tested that in your business?
    5. Where do you think most of the cost of {{problem}} sits?
    6. If {{hidden cost}} were true for you, what would it change?
    7. What would your numbers look like if {{assumption}} turned out to be wrong?
    8. Have you seen {{trend}} affect your market yet?
    9. How are you thinking about {{change in the market}}?
    10. What would it take for you to rethink how you handle {{process}}?
    11. Which part of that do you disagree with?
    12. Who in your team would be most surprised by that?

    A 3 looks like: The buyer engaged with a specific insight, questioned or accepted it, and agreed it applies to them.

    Tailor

    Adjust the message to each stakeholder's priorities, role and language. A finance lead, an operations manager and an IT director need different reasons to support the same change.

    Listen for: Each stakeholder's goals, measures and worries, and who carries influence with whom.

    Questions to ask (12)

    1. What does your finance team look at first when a change like this is proposed?
    2. How does {{stakeholder}} measure success in their role?
    3. What would make {{stakeholder}} nervous about this?
    4. Who would gain most if this worked?
    5. Who would have to change how they work?
    6. How does your leadership talk about {{priority}}?
    7. What does {{stakeholder}} need to see before supporting a change?
    8. How would you explain this to {{stakeholder}} in one sentence?
    9. Which of your goals does this touch for each team?
    10. What has worked when you have proposed changes before?
    11. Who else will be affected that we have not talked about?
    12. Would it help if I put together a short version for {{stakeholder}}?

    A 3 looks like: Each key stakeholder's priority known and a tailored reason for change agreed with your contact.

    Take control

    Keep the sale moving: discuss money openly, push back when the buyer's plan will not work, and drive specific next steps. Control is about being assertive with the buyer's interests in mind, not aggressive.

    Listen for: Stalls, vague next steps, and pressure on price before value is agreed.

    Questions to ask (12)

    1. Before we go further, can we talk about how this would be funded?
    2. I am not sure that plan gets you to {{goal}}. Can I explain why?
    3. What would need to happen for this to be approved this quarter?
    4. Who needs to be in the next meeting for a decision to be possible?
    5. If we agree the problem is worth solving, what is the next step on your side?
    6. Can we put dates against those steps now?
    7. What will you do if procurement asks for a lower price?
    8. What is stopping us from agreeing that today?
    9. You mentioned waiting until next year. What does waiting cost you?
    10. Is there anything you are not comfortable with that we have not discussed?
    11. If we cannot get {{stakeholder}} involved, should we pause?
    12. Shall I send a short plan with the steps we agreed and owners against each?

    A 3 looks like: Money discussed openly, a dated next step agreed with the right people, and pushback given where needed.

    Red flags

    Signals that a deal is weaker than the notes suggest, and what to do about each.

    The 'insight' is your product's feature

    Buyers recognise a pitch dressed as a teaching moment, and trust drops.

    What to do: Rewrite the reframe so it stands on its own without mentioning your product.

    The insight relies on a statistic you cannot source

    One sceptical question ends the conversation.

    What to do: Use your own data, a pattern you have seen across clients, or a worked example.

    The seller argued instead of teaching

    Challenging the buyer's assumptions is not the same as being combative.

    What to do: Ask permission to share a different view, and invite disagreement.

    Only one stakeholder has heard the message

    A Challenger insight that convinces one person rarely moves a buying group.

    What to do: Tailor a version for each stakeholder and ask your contact to help you share it.

    Price came up and the seller backed away

    Avoiding money is the opposite of taking control.

    What to do: Talk about the cost of the problem first, then about price, in the same conversation.

    Challenger qualification scorecard

    Score each element from 0 to 3 after the call. The total and verdict update as you go.

    Teach

    A 3 looks like: The buyer engaged with a specific insight, questioned or accepted it, and agreed it applies to them.

    Tailor

    A 3 looks like: Each key stakeholder's priority known and a tailored reason for change agreed with your contact.

    Take control

    A 3 looks like: Money discussed openly, a dated next step agreed with the right people, and pushback given where needed.

    Printable Challenger scorecard

    Print this page or copy the table into your CRM notes. Score each element from 0 to 3 in the last column.

    Challenger scorecard
    ElementWhat a 3 looks likeScore (0 to 3)
    TeachThe buyer engaged with a specific insight, questioned or accepted it, and agreed it applies to them. 
    TailorEach key stakeholder's priority known and a tailored reason for change agreed with your contact. 
    Take controlMoney discussed openly, a dated next step agreed with the right people, and pushback given where needed. 
    TotalMaximum 9 
    What each score means
    ScoreMeaning
    0 UnknownNot discussed, or the buyer would not answer.
    1 AssumedMentioned vaguely, or it is your guess rather than the buyer's words.
    2 ConfirmedThe buyer said it clearly, with gaps or from one source only.
    3 EvidencedConfirmed in the buyer's words with specifics, and backed by a second person, a document or a date.
    How the total becomes a verdict
    Share of maximumVerdictWhat to do
    75% or moreQualifiedAdvance it. A critical element scored 0 caps this at Developing.
    50% to 74%DevelopingBook the next step with a plan to close every gap below 2.
    25% to 49%EarlyGo back for the missing answers or move it to nurture.
    Under 25%UnqualifiedDisqualify or recycle, and record why.

    Critical elements for Challenger: Teach. If any of these scores 0, the verdict cannot be higher than Developing.

    Filled Challenger example: an SDR-booked meeting handed to the account executive

    A fictional example: an outsourced SDR has booked a meeting and is handing it to the client's account executive.

    The seller is a freight audit and payment company. Its outsourced SDR called the head of supply chain at a national food manufacturer. Instead of asking about freight problems, the SDR opened with a pattern the seller sees often: manufacturers watch freight rates closely, but lose more to invoice errors and accessorial charges nobody checks.

    The prospect pushed back, then admitted nobody audits freight invoices line by line and agreed to a meeting with the finance controller included.

    Challenger scores for the example
    ElementScoreEvidence from the call
    Teach2 of 3Reframe landed: prospect said 'we negotiate rates hard and then never check the invoices'. Asked how common it is.
    Tailor2 of 3Supply chain cares about carrier performance; finance controller cares about accruals and month-end. Both invited.
    Take control1 of 3Meeting booked with both, but the SDR did not raise how a fee would be funded.
    Total5 of 9Developing. The insight worked and both stakeholders are in. The account executive should take control of money and next steps.

    The handover note the SDR sent

    MEETING HANDOVER: national food manufacturer
    Meeting: Thursday 1pm, 45 minutes, video
    Attending: Head of Supply Chain and the Finance Controller
    
    Why they agreed to meet (their words)
    "We negotiate freight rates hard and then never check the invoices. That is a fair point."
    
    Challenger notes
    Teach (2): opened with invoice errors and unchecked accessorial charges, not rates. Prospect pushed back, then agreed it applies.
    Tailor (2): supply chain cares about carrier performance; finance controller cares about accruals and month-end close. Bring a version for each.
    Take control (1): did not discuss funding. Raise it once the size of the leakage is agreed.
    
    Score: 5 of 9 (Developing).
    
    What they expect: how other manufacturers found and fixed freight invoice leakage, with a way to estimate theirs.
    Watch outs: proud of their rate negotiations. Do not suggest rates are the problem.

    How SDRs and account executives use Challenger

    SDRs use a short insight to earn the meeting. Account executives run the full teach, tailor and take control sequence.

    SDR on the first call

    • Open with a two-sentence reframe for the buyer's role instead of a pitch.
    • Ask one question to test whether it applies.
    • If the buyer pushes back, ask what they see instead. Pushback means they are engaged.
    • Invite a second stakeholder when the insight touches their area.
    • Write the buyer's reaction to the insight in the handover note.

    Account executive from discovery

    • Build the full insight with the insight outline.
    • Tailor a version for every stakeholder in the buying group.
    • Discuss money in the same meeting as value, not afterwards by email.
    • Agree dated next steps and send them as a short plan.
    • Check the deal is real with MEDDPICC.

    Templates

    Copy, print or adapt. Highlighted placeholders are the parts to replace.

    All qualification templates

    Challenger insight outline

    A structure for the commercial insight that opens a Challenger conversation.

    INSIGHT OUTLINE: {{buyer role}} at {{type of company}}
    
    1. Warmer: show you understand their world
    "Most {{role}}s we speak to are dealing with {{common challenge}}."
    
    2. Reframe: the idea they have not considered
    "What we see is that the real cost is not {{what they think}}, it is {{what is actually happening}}."
    
    3. Evidence: why it is true
    {{a published figure, a pattern across clients, or a worked example, with its source}}
    
    4. Emotional impact: what it means for them
    "So when {{situation}} happens, {{consequence for the buyer or their team}}."
    
    5. A new way: the approach that fixes it, before your product
    {{the different way of working}}
    
    6. Your solution: how you deliver that new way
    {{how your product or service does it}}
    
    Question to hand control to the buyer: "{{question that tests whether this applies to them}}"

    When to use it

    When buyers are comfortable with the status quo and pain questions get polite non-answers.

    Why it works

    The Challenger Sale argues that buyers value a seller who teaches them something new about their business. A structure that moves from a familiar situation to an unexpected cost gives the buyer a reason to rethink what they do now.

    Variations

    • For a cold call opener, use steps 1 and 2 in two sentences, then ask the question.
    • For a finance buyer, make step 3 a cost calculation; for an operations buyer, make it a process failure.

    Common mistakes

    • Leading with your product in step 2. The reframe must stand on its own.
    • Using a statistic you cannot source. Use your own data or none.
    • Lecturing. The insight earns a conversation; it is not a presentation.

    SDR to account executive handover note

    The note an SDR sends with every booked meeting so the AE never starts cold.

    MEETING HANDOVER: {{prospect company}}
    Meeting: {{date and time}}, {{length}} minutes, {{video or phone}}
    Booked by: {{SDR name}}   Account executive: {{AE name}}
    
    Who is attending
    {{name}}, {{title}}. Reports to {{manager, if known}}.
    Others invited or mentioned: {{names and titles}}
    
    Why they agreed to meet (their words)
    "{{the reason they gave, as close to verbatim as possible}}"
    
    What they told us
    Current situation: {{tools, team, process}}
    Problem or goal: {{what is not working or what they want to achieve}}
    Impact they mentioned: {{cost, time, risk, revenue}}
    Timing: {{deadline, contract end, project start, budget cycle}}
    Decision: {{who else is involved, how they buy}}
    Budget: {{anything said, or "not discussed"}}
    
    Qualification score: {{framework}} {{score}} of {{max}}. Gaps: {{elements scored below 2}}
    
    What the prospect expects from the meeting
    {{what the SDR promised: a conversation, a comparison, a specific question answered}}
    
    Watch outs
    {{objections raised, competitor mentioned, sensitivity, anything not to say}}

    When to use it

    Every time a meeting is booked, within a few hours of the call, in the CRM and in the calendar invite.

    Why it works

    The first five minutes of a discovery call are often wasted repeating what the SDR already learned. A structured note lets the account executive open with the prospect's own words, which is the fastest way to earn trust.

    Variations

    • For a CHAMP qualified meeting, replace the 'What they told us' block with the four CHAMP headings.
    • For an outsourced SDR team, add the campaign name and the list source so the client can trace the meeting.
    • For a short version in the calendar invite, keep only 'Why they agreed to meet' and 'What the prospect expects'.

    Common mistakes

    • Paraphrasing the prospect's reason into sales language. Keep their words.
    • Promising a demo when the prospect agreed to a conversation. The AE then opens with the wrong agenda.
    • Leaving out the watch outs. A competitor mention or a bad past experience changes how the AE opens.

    Common criticisms of the Challenger approach

    • It is misread as aggression. Teams that hear 'challenge the customer' without the teaching part become pushy. The fix is training on how to build and deliver an insight.
    • It needs insight the seller may not have. Junior sellers struggle to teach experienced buyers. Marketing and senior sellers usually need to build the insights centrally.
    • The headline finding is often over-applied. The Challenger advantage was strongest in complex sales. In simple, transactional sales, other profiles can perform just as well.

    Your own calling data can be a source of insight. Ours, from 218,000+ dials into Australian businesses, is published in our Australian cold calling statistics.

    Challenger compared with other frameworks

    MEDDIC vs BANT vs SPIN vs CHAMP vs GPCT, plus the Sandler and Challenger methods.

    Which framework should my team use?
    Sales qualification frameworks compared
    FrameworkStands forOriginBest forWho runs itStageMain weakness
    MEDDIC / MEDDPICCMetrics, Economic buyer, Decision criteria, Decision process, (Paper process), Identify pain, Champion, (Competition)PTC, mid 1990s, Dick Dunkel and Jack NapoliComplex B2B deals with a buying committee and a long cycleAccount executive, with SDR clues from the first callDiscovery to close, and pipeline reviewsToo heavy for a cold call or a small, quick sale
    BANTBudget, Authority, Need, TimelineIBM, usually dated to the 1950s or 1960sFast first-pass qualification of inbound leads and simple salesSDR or inside salesFirst callAsks for budget before value is shown; misses buying groups
    SPIN SellingSituation, Problem, Implication, Need-payoffNeil Rackham and Huthwaite, book published 1988Discovery in larger sales where the buyer must build their own caseAccount executive; SDRs use the problem and implication questionsDiscoveryA questioning method, not a checklist; says little about sign-off
    CHAMPChallenges, Authority, Money, PrioritisationA later rework of BANT; attribution variesOutbound first calls where budget is not set yetSDRFirst callLight on the decision process and competition
    GPCTBA/C&IGoals, Plans, Challenges, Timeline, Budget, Authority, Negative consequences, Positive implicationsDeveloped by HubSpot for its own sales teamConsultative mid-market sales led by the buyer's goalsAccount executive or senior SDRDiscoveryEight elements is a lot for one call; easy to run as a script
    Sandler Selling SystemBonding and rapport, Up-front contract, Pain, Budget, Decision, Fulfilment, Post-sellDavid Sandler, founded Sandler in 1967Teams losing deals to stalls, free consulting and think-it-oversWhole team; SDRs use the up-front contract and pain funnelEvery callNeeds training and practice; can feel blunt if done badly
    The Challenger SaleTeach, Tailor, Take controlMatthew Dixon and Brent Adamson, CEB, book published 2011Buyers who are happy with the status quo and complex salesAccount executive, with insight-led openers for SDRsOpener to closeNeeds a real insight; without one it reads as arrogance

    Frequently asked questions

    Who wrote The Challenger Sale?

    Matthew Dixon and Brent Adamson, then at CEB, the Corporate Executive Board. It was published by Portfolio in 2011.

    What are the five sales rep profiles?

    The Hard Worker, the Challenger, the Relationship Builder, the Lone Wolf and the Reactive Problem Solver.

    What does teach, tailor and take control mean?

    Teach the buyer something new about their business, tailor the message to each stakeholder, and take control of the conversation, including money and next steps.

    Is the Challenger Sale a qualification framework?

    No. It is a selling approach for creating a reason to change. Pair it with CHAMP on first calls and MEDDPICC for deals to check that opportunities are real.

    Can SDRs use the Challenger approach?

    Yes, in a short form: a two-sentence insight in the opener, followed by a question that tests whether it applies. The full approach belongs with the account executive.

    Is CEB still around?

    CEB was acquired by Gartner in 2017, and its sales research continues under Gartner.

    What makes a good Challenger insight?

    It is specific to the buyer's role, surprising, backed by evidence you can source, and leads to something you do better than alternatives. If it would sell a competitor's product just as well, rework it.

    Want qualified meetings handed over properly?

    Our SDRs work in-house in Sydney, qualify on the phone and send a handover note with every meeting. Book a 30-minute call and we will map your market and buyers.

    Starting at $7,000 a month. Exact fee quoted after a 30-minute call.